UP PGT Money & Banking 07: Commercial Banks: Functions, Deposits & Balance Sheets | Notes + 12 MCQs

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UP PGT Economics · Subject Code 11 · Money & Banking

Commercial Banks: Functions, Deposits & Balance Sheets

Topic 07 / 1212 original revision MCQsHindi + English

पहले notes और solved examples, फिर options चुनकर Submit & Check Answers करें। Answers/explanations केवल इसी topic के Submit के बाद खुलेंगे। All numerical data and reserve/policy ratios in exercises are hypothetical teaching assumptions, not live rates.

Commercial bank deposits accept करता, credit extend करता और payments facilitate करता है। A depositor का balance उसका financial asset है, लेकिन bank के लिए repayable liability। Borrower को दिया loan bank की asset है।

GroupExamples
Primary functionsCurrent/savings/time deposits; loans, overdrafts, cash credit, bill discounting
Agency functionsCheques/bills collection, standing instructions, customer की ओर से payments
General utility / servicesRemittance, safe custody, locker and approved ancillary services
AssetsCash, RBI balances, loans/advances, securities
Liabilities + equityCustomer deposits, borrowings और owners’ funds

Basic Bank Balance-Sheet Identity

Given assets, liabilities और capital से missing balance खोजें।

Assets = liabilities + equity

Worked example: Cash/reserves=100, loans=700, securities=300 → assets=1100; deposits=950, borrowings=50 → equity=100।

Interpretation: Deposit बैंक की income नहीं। Loan principal asset है; interest earned income है। Equity residual buffer है, not a customer’s deposit।

Simple Interest on a Bank Loan

Question explicitly simple annual interest दे और compounding न हो।

Interest = principal × annual rate(decimal) × time(years)

Worked example: Loan ₹20,000 at hypothetical 9% for 6 months → I=20000×.09×.5 = ₹900।

Interpretation: Interest ₹900; total repayment ₹20,900 if principal repaid together and no other charges। EMI/compound-rate problem में यह alone sufficient नहीं।

  • Demand deposits payable on demand हैं; time deposits maturity/terms से जुड़े हैं। सभी bank deposits M₁ में included नहीं; time deposits broader M₃ में आते हैं।
  • A loan credited to a borrower’s account creates loan asset and matching deposit liability. Spending outside that bank triggers settlement/reserve needs।
  • Banking involves liquidity, profitability और safety का balance. “Bank lends all deposits” और “bank holds every deposit as idle cash” दोनों oversimplifications हैं।
  • Credit ≠ free income: repayment obligation remains. A debit card/UPI payment existing deposit transfer कर सकता है, new lending जरूरी नहीं।

Active Recall / Writing Practice

  1. One ₹500 loan credited into account की two-sided bank entries बनाएं।
  2. Deposits, borrowings, capital, securities को four balance-sheet headings में रखें।

Notes बन्द करके लिखें। Review next day, third day और seventh day. File delivery, study attendance और mastery अलग हैं।

Memory recap: Deposits: bank liability; loans/reserves: bank assets; assets=liabilities+equity।

Topic Test · 12 MCQs

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0 / 12 answered

1 / 12 · MONEY B073
Customer का savings deposit commercial bank की balance sheet में क्या है?
2 / 12 · MONEY B074
Borrower को दिया outstanding loan bank के लिए क्या है?
3 / 12 · MONEY B075
Bank assets: reserves100, loans700,securities300; deposits950,borrowings50। Equity कितनी है?
4 / 12 · MONEY B076
Hypothetical simple-interest loan₹20,000 at9% annual for6months है। Interest कितनी है?
5 / 12 · MONEY B077
₹20,000 loan पर simple interest₹900 है; no other charge। Principal सहित repayment कितना है?
6 / 12 · MONEY B078
Customer की ओर से cheque collection bank की किस function category का example है?
7 / 12 · MONEY B079
Bank borrower को₹500 loan उसके account में credit करता है। Immediate bank entries क्या हैं?
8 / 12 · MONEY B080
A conventional bank time deposit को standard Indian aggregates में कहाँ add किया जाता है?
9 / 12 · MONEY B081
A bank से B bank को public demand-deposit payment transfer हो; no new loan/currency change। Aggregate eligible deposits?
10 / 12 · MONEY B082
Approved limit तक current account से available balance से अधिक draw करने की facility क्या कहलाती है?
11 / 12 · MONEY B083
Borrower₹100 bank loan अपने bank deposit से repay करता है। Simple same-bank entries?
12 / 12 · MONEY B084
Commercial bank के operating trade-off को कौन सही व्यक्त करता है?

Numerical routine: concept → formula → substitute → interpret. Wrong/guessed/slow items को 24 hours बाद new attempt दें।