Central Bank / RBI: Functions & Balance-Sheet Logic
पहले notes और solved examples, फिर options चुनकर Submit & Check Answers करें। Answers/explanations केवल इसी topic के Submit के बाद खुलेंगे। All numerical data and reserve/policy ratios in exercises are hypothetical teaching assumptions, not live rates.
Central bank monetary system का apex authority है; commercial profit maximisation इसका मुख्य उद्देश्य नहीं। RBI monetary authority, currency manager, banker to government/banks, financial-system regulator और payments oversight की भूमिका निभाता है।
| Function | PGT identification |
|---|---|
| Monetary authority | Liquidity, monetary conditions और price stability with growth objective |
| Banker to banks | Reserve/settlement accounts; banking-system liquidity support |
| Lender of last resort | Stressed liquidity conditions में eligible banks को terms के अनुसार support; automatic rescue guarantee नहीं |
| Banker to government / debt management | Government banking और public-debt management functions |
| Currency management | Note issue / currency operations; government-minted coins circulation |
| Regulation, supervision & payments | Sound banking parameters और safe payment/settlement infrastructure |
| Foreign-exchange reserves / developmental role | Reserve management, orderly forex functioning, financial inclusion support |
Illustrative RBI Securities Purchase
RBI bank से government security खरीदे और उसके reserve account को credit करे; first-round balance-sheet change पहचानें।
Worked example: Purchase ₹100 → RBI securities +100, reserves liability +100; seller bank securities −100, RBI balance +100।
Interpretation: Bank का asset composition बदलता है। Bank से purchase में public deposits necessarily same instant +100 नहीं; non-bank seller को payment हो तो deposit leg भी आएगा। Subsequent lending automatic नहीं।
- Bank reserves commercial bank की asset हैं और central bank की liability। Public deposits commercial bank की liabilities हैं। Perspective बदलने पर label बदलता है।
- RBI note issue और commercial-bank deposit creation अलग processes हैं; every new deposit के लिए printed note जरूरी नहीं।
- Liquidity problem = due payment के लिए available cash/funding short; insolvency = assets insufficient relative to liabilities. दोनों identical नहीं।
- RBI establishment 1 April 1935; nationalisation 1949. No present office-holder, current policy-rate number या legal-limit claim is included here।
Official reference: RBI: Organisation and Main Functions. Institutional definitions checked 25 October 2026; current numerical policy rates deliberately excluded.
Official reference: RBI’s Functions and Working (12 February 2026). Institutional definitions checked 25 October 2026; current numerical policy rates deliberately excluded.
Active Recall / Writing Practice
- RBI के five functions और one corresponding example लिखें।
- RBI reserves asset/liability किसकी हैं? दोनों balance sheets बनाएं।
Notes बन्द करके लिखें। Review next day, third day और seventh day. File delivery, study attendance और mastery अलग हैं।
Memory recap: RBI: monetary authority, currency, government, banks, reserves, regulation and payments।
Topic Test · 12 MCQs
Original revision questions, official PYQs या full official-pattern mock नहीं। Practice scoring +1 correct, 0 wrong/blank; no claim about official marking. Client-side answers inspectable हैं; this is not a secure examination platform.
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Your Revision Result
Your answer: · Correct answer: C. Banker to banks
Commercial banks central bank पर settlement balances रख सकती हैं; यह banker-to-banks role है।
Your answer: · Correct answer: C. RBI
RBI banker to government और public-debt management functions निभाता है; यह ordinary household service नहीं।
Your answer: · Correct answer: C. Eligible banks को stressed liquidity situation में conditions पर central-bank support
Support liquidity/settlement needs से जुड़ा है, unconditional loss or solvency guarantee नहीं।
Your answer: · Correct answer: C. +₹100
Security purchase payment reserve liability credit से bank reserves+100 होता है, other operations absent।
Your answer: · Correct answer: B. RBI के balance sheet पर
Same balance commercial bank की asset और RBI की liability है।
Your answer: · Correct answer: D. Ordinary retail bank की तरह private profit maximisation
Central-bank public monetary/financial responsibilities profit-maximising retail intermediation से अलग हैं।
Your answer: · Correct answer: A. 1 April 1935
RBI official establishment anchor1April1935 है;1982 NABARD का start है।
Your answer: · Correct answer: C. 1949
RBI1935 में established और1949 में nationalised हुआ; Act year1934 अलग है।
Your answer: · Correct answer: A. Liquidity shortage
Timing/funding shortfall liquidity है; solvency assets और liabilities के overall value relation से अलग assess होती है।
Your answer: · Correct answer: B. Securities asset+100; reserve liability+100
RBI acquired security asset है; bank settlement account credit RBI liability है।
Your answer: · Correct answer: C. पहला monetary policy; दूसरा fiscal policy
Central-bank monetary conditions और government tax-spending decisions को अलग policy categories में रखें।
Your answer: · Correct answer: B. हर insolvent bank का हर loss automatically reimbursed होगा
A backstop का existence unlimited unconditional bailout entitlement prove नहीं करता।
Numerical routine: concept → formula → substitute → interpret. Wrong/guessed/slow items को 24 hours बाद new attempt दें।