UGC NET ECONOMICS · 2023 · UNIT 6
Public Economics PYQs
लोक अर्थशास्त्र के प्रश्न
June2023 · 20June2023 · ShiftI
जून2023 · 20जून2023 · पालीI
Taxation and incidence
कराधान और कर भार
Question 3 / प्रश्न 3
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Match List I with List II.
Tax concepts match करें।
| ListI सूचीI |
ListII सूचीII |
|---|---|
| A Tax evasion कर चोरी |
I Bond financing बॉण्ड वित्तपोषण |
| B Effective incidence वास्तविक कर भार |
II Illegal free riding गैरकानूनी free riding |
| C Legal incidence वैधानिक कर दायित्व |
III Required remitter सरकार को कर जमा करने वाला |
| D Fiscal illusion राजकोषीय भ्रम |
IV May differ from statutory payer वैधानिक करदाता से अलग हो सकता |
(a) II III IV I
(b) III I II IV
(c) II IV III I
(d) IV III II I
Answer & Explanation / उत्तर और व्याख्या
उत्तर: (c) II IV III I
Explanation: Tax evasion is illegal; economic burden differs from statutory remittance; bond finance can obscure fiscal costs.
व्याख्या: Evasion illegal; economic incidence final welfare burden है; legal incidence remittance duty है। Bond financing immediate tax cost छिपाकर fiscal illusion पैदा कर सकती है।
Question 10 / प्रश्न 10
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Which of the following are true in case of Ramsey Rule for efficient taxation – A. Tax rate should be higher on the good that has lower price elasticity of demand. B. If the demand elasticity in a market is zero, taxes should be imposed only in that market. C. Ramsey rule applies to taxation of goods, but not to taxation of income. D. Ramsey rule minimises the excess burden of taxation across markets. E. Ramsey rule does not necessarily result in social justice.
Ramsey taxation: A inelastic goods पर higher rate; B perfectly inelastic base हो तो वहाँ tax; C goods only, income पर नहीं; D excess burden minimum; E social justice guarantee नहीं।
(a) A, C, D और E केवल
(b) A, B, D और E केवल
(c) A, B, C और D केवल
(d) A, C और D केवल
Answer & Explanation / उत्तर और व्याख्या
उत्तर: simple model में
Explanation: The inverse-elasticity result needs simplified demand assumptions; efficiency does not ensure distributional justice.
व्याख्या: Inverse-elasticity rule efficiency के लिए कम responsive bases को higher tax देता है। Zero-elasticity base sufficient revenue उठा सके तो distortion-free source हो सकता है। Income-tax extensions मौजूद हैं, इसलिए C blanket false; equity concerns अलग हैं।
Question 15 / प्रश्न 15
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Which of the following is not true in case of incidence of tax:
Tax incidence पर गलत statement?
(a) Tax से usual price↑quantity↓।
(b) Monopoly में price rise dampen हो सकती।
(c) Inelastic demand, elastic supply में buyer tax से बचता।
(d) Unit tax supply को parallel ऊपर shift करती।
Answer & Explanation / उत्तर और व्याख्या
उत्तर: (c) Inelastic demand, elastic supply में buyer tax से बचता।
Explanation: The relatively inelastic side bears more burden; inelastic buyers cannot easily avoid the tax.
व्याख्या: Inelastic demand वाला buyer quantity कम नहीं कर सकता, इसलिए more burden bear करता है। Elastic side relatively tax avoid करती है। Monopoly pass-through की precise size demand curvature पर निर्भर है; B universal theorem नहीं।
Finance Commissions
वित्त आयोग
Question 54 / प्रश्न 54
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Arrange XIV Finance Commission weights ascending: A income distance; B area; C population (1971; printed 1917); D demographic change/2011 population; E forest cover.
XIVFC weights ascending: A income-distance; B area; C 1971population; D 2011demographic change; E forest।
(a) B, E, D, C, A
(b) E, D, B, C, A
(c) A, C, D, B, E
(d) E, B, D, C, A
Answer & Explanation / उत्तर और व्याख्या
उत्तर: (b) E, D, B, C, A
Explanation: The XIVFC weights are7.5,10,15,17.5, and50%, in ascending order.
व्याख्या: Weights7.5forest,10demographic change,15area,17.5population 1971,50income distance ⇒E D B C A। Source का 1917 population typo 1971 है।
Budget and public debt
बजट और सार्वजनिक ऋण
Question 55 / प्रश्न 55
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Which of following is a correct measure of gross fiscal deficit of the state government.
State gross fiscal deficit का usual accounting expression?
(a) RE+capitaldisbursement−RR।
(b) RE+central-loanrepayment−RR।
(c) Revenue Deficit+capital outlay+net lending।
(d) RE+internaldebtrepayment−RR।
Answer & Explanation / उत्तर और व्याख्या
उत्तर: (c) Revenue Deficit+capital outlay+net lending।
Explanation: The usual identity is revenue deficit plus capital outlay plus net lending, with any separate non-debt receipts adjusted.
व्याख्या: Debt repayment fiscal deficit expenditure में add नहीं करते। Standard state-account identity RD+capital outlay+net lending है; if miscellaneous non-debt capital receipts separately exist, उन्हें भी subtract करना होगा।
Public goods and externalities
सार्वजनिक वस्तुएँ और बाह्यताएँ
Question 83 / प्रश्न 83
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Which of the following are true in case of social goods: A. Public goods are non-rivalry in nature. B. Efficient provision of social goods needs a political process of budget determination. C. Efficient provision of social goods involve horizontal rather than vertical addition of individual pseudo-demand-lines. D. Among purely private and purely social goods, there are mixed cases which generate benefit or cost externalities. E. Individual consumers will not bid for social good, but will act as free-riders.
Social goods: A nonrival; B budget politics; C horizontal demand sum; D mixed externality cases; E free riding।
(a) A, C, D और E केवल
(b) A, B, C और E केवल
(c) A और B केवल
(d) A, B, D और E केवल
Answer & Explanation / उत्तर और व्याख्या
उत्तर: (d) A, B, D और E केवल
Explanation: Public-good marginal benefits are added vertically, so C is false.
व्याख्या: Public good के same quantity पर marginal benefits vertically add होते हैं: ΣMBᵢ=MC। C horizontal aggregation private goods के लिए है। Nonexcludability free riding को encourage करती है; B usual collective provision process है।