UGC NET Economics 2023 Unit 8: Growth and Development Economics PYQs (English–Hindi)

UGC NET ECONOMICS · 2023 · UNIT 8

Growth and Development Economics PYQs
संवृद्धि और विकास अर्थशास्त्र के प्रश्न

June2023 · 20June2023 · ShiftI
जून2023 · 20जून2023 · पालीI

Economic thought
आर्थिक विचार

Question 5 / प्रश्न 5

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Give below are two statements: Statement I: Division of labour is the starting point of Smith's theory of economic growth. Statement II: It is division of labour that results in the greatest improvement in the production power of labour In light of the above statements,
I Smith growth theory का starting point division of labour; II इससे labour की productive power में बड़ी वृद्धि होती है।

(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true.
(a) दोनों सही।
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are false.
(b) दोनों गलत।
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false.
(c) I सही, II गलत।
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true.
(d) I गलत, II सही।
Answer & Explanation / उत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer: (a) Both Statement I and Statement II are true.
उत्तर: (a) दोनों सही।

Explanation: Smith’s specialisation raises productivity through skill, time saving, and machinery.

व्याख्या: Specialisation skill, time saving और machinery development से productivity बढ़ाती है। Smith में market size division of labour को सीमित करती है।

Question 30 / प्रश्न 30

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Gunnar Myrdal is author of A. Asian Drama B. An American Dilemma C. Theory of Economic Development D. Principles of Political Economy E. Economic Theory and underdeveloped regions
Myrdal की books: A Asian Drama; B American Dilemma; C Theory Economic Development; D Principles Political Economy; E Economic Theory and Underdeveloped Regions।

(a) A, B and C only
(a) A, B और C केवल
(b) A, C and D only
(b) A, C और D केवल
(c) A, B and D only
(c) A, B और D केवल
(d) A, B and E only
(d) A, B और E केवल
Answer & Explanation / उत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer: (d) A, B and E only
उत्तर: (d) A, B और E केवल

Explanation: Asian Drama, An American Dilemma, and Economic Theory and Underdeveloped Regions are Myrdal’s works.

व्याख्या: A 1968, B 1944, E 1957 Myrdal के works हैं। Theory of Economic Development Schumpeter और classic Principles title अन्य economists से संबंधित है। इसलिए A B E।

Question 88 / प्रश्न 88

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Adam Smith contributions are A. Division of labour B. Notion of increasing returns C. Notion of diminishing returns D. Dialectical Materialism E. Socially necessary abstract labour time
Smith: A division of labour; B increasing returns; C diminishing returns; D dialectical materialism; E socially necessary labour time।

(a) A and B only
(a) A और B केवल
(b) A and C only
(b) A और C केवल
(c) A and D only
(c) A और D केवल
(d) A and E only
(d) A और E केवल
Answer & Explanation / उत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer: (a) A and B only
उत्तर: (a) A और B केवल

Explanation: Smith is particularly associated with division of labour and increasing productivity.

व्याख्या: Division of labour/specialisation increasing productivity/returns से linked हैं। D/E Marxian concepts; diminishing returns का systematic classical development Ricardo/Malthus tradition से ज्यादा linked है।

Development theories and indicators
विकास सिद्धांत और संकेतक

Question 29 / प्रश्न 29

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Which is not a dimension of Human Development Index (HDI)?
HDI की direct dimension कौन नहीं ?

(a) Ability to lead a long and healthy life
(a) लंबा स्वस्थ जीवन।
(b) Ability to acquire knowledge
(b) ज्ञान।
(c) Ability to achieve decent standard of living
(c) Decent living standard।
(d) Ability to access clean environment
(d) Cleanenvironment access।
Answer & Explanation / उत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer: (d) Ability to access clean environment
उत्तर: (d) Cleanenvironment access।

Explanation: Health, education, and income are direct HDI dimensions; environmental quality is not a fourth component.

व्याख्या: HDI health, education और income dimensions combine करता है। Environment development के लिए महत्वपूर्ण है लेकिन original HDI का direct fourth component नहीं।

Question 46 / प्रश्न 46

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Normalized Poverty Gap (NPG) is measured as a ratio of
Normalised poverty gap किसका ratio है?

(a) Average Poverty Gap to poverty line
(a) Averagepovertygap/povertyline।
(b) Total Poverty Gap to poverty line
(b) Totalgap/povertyline।
(c) Total Poverty Gap to total population
(c) Totalgap/population।
(d) Average Poverty Gap to total population
(d) Average gap/population।
Answer & Explanation / उत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer: (a) Average Poverty Gap to poverty line
उत्तर: (a) Averagepovertygap/povertyline।

Explanation: The normalised gap is average population-wide shortfall divided by the poverty line.

व्याख्या: FGTpovertygap index P₁=(1/N)Σpoor(z−yᵢ)/z। “Average gap” सभी population पर average shortfall हो तो P₁=APG/z। केवल poor पर average अलग conditional measure है।

Question 48 / प्रश्न 48

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The book entitled, "Why Nations Fail; The Origin of Power, Prosperity and Poverty" has been written by,
Why Nations Fail के authors?

(a) Abhijit Banerjee
(a) Abhijit Banerjee
(b) Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson
(b) Daron Acemoglu और James A. Robinson
(c) Amartya Sen
(c) Amartya Sen
(d) Joseph Stiglitz
(d) Joseph Stiglitz
Answer & Explanation / उत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer: (b) Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson
उत्तर: (b) Daron Acemoglu और James A. Robinson

Explanation: The 2012book was written by Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson.

व्याख्या: Daron Acemoglu और James A.Robinson की 2012 book institutions, political power और development पर है।

Question 90 / प्रश्न 90

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Match List I with List II.
Development theories match करें।

ListI
सूचीI
ListII
सूचीII
A Kuznets
कुज़नेट्स
I Innovation/entrepreneurship
नवाचारउद्यमिता
B Nurkse
नर्क्से
II Balancedgrowth
संतुलितसंवृद्धि
C Leibenstein
लाइबेनस्टीन
III Inverted Uinequality
उल्टा U असमानता
D Schumpeter
शुम्पीटर
IV Criticalminimumeffort
निर्णायकन्यूनतमप्रयास
(a) I IV III II
(a) I IV III II
(b) III II IV I
(b) III II IV I
(c) IV III II I
(c) IV III II I
(d) II I IV III
(d) II I IV III
Answer & Explanation / उत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer: (b) III II IV I
उत्तर: (b) III II IV I

Explanation: The matches are inequality’s inverted-U, balanced growth, critical minimum effort, and innovation.

व्याख्या: AIII BII CIV DI। Kuznets relation inequality-income hypothesis है; environmental Kuznets curve इसका बाद का adaptation है।

Growth models
संवृद्धि मॉडल

Question 37 / प्रश्न 37

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The idea of creative destruction is associated with
Creative destruction किससे जुड़ा है?

(a) Marx
(a) Marx
(b) Adam Smith
(b) Adam Smith
(c) Ricardo
(c) Ricardo
(d) Schumpeter
(d) Schumpeter
Answer & Explanation / उत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer: (d) Schumpeter
उत्तर: (d) Schumpeter

Explanation: Schumpeter links innovation and entrepreneurship to creative destruction.

व्याख्या: Schumpeter में innovation old products/processes को replace करती है; entrepreneurship economic transformation का driver है।

Question 81 / प्रश्न 81

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According to Robinson the term 'Golden Age' in the context of Harrod-Domar model is used to emphasize
Joan Robinson का “Golden Age” नाम किसबातपर emphasis देता है?

(a) Its mythical nature
(a) Idealised/mythicalnature।
(b) Its superiority
(b) Guaranteed superiority।
(c) Natural growth rate
(c) केवल naturalrate।
(d) Warranted growth rate
(d) केवल warrantedrate।
Answer & Explanation / उत्तर और व्याख्या
Answer: (a) Its mythical nature
उत्तर: (a) Idealised/mythicalnature।

Explanation: Robinson’s Golden Age is an idealised balanced path, not an automatically realised state.

व्याख्या: Golden Age ideal balanced path है जिसमें actual, warranted और natural growth संगत हों। नाम इसकी idealised nature को highlight करता है, real world में automatic outcome नहीं।