UGC NET ECONOMICS · 2024 · UNIT 7
Money and Banking PYQs
मुद्रा और बैंकिंग के प्रश्न
June2024 · Cancelled paper
जून2024 · रद्द प्रश्नपत्र
Capital markets
पूँजी बाजार
Question 36 / प्रश्न 36
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As per SEBI's data on green debt securities, during period of 2017 to September 2022, how many Indian Corporates issued green bonds?
SEBI data के अनुसार 2017–September 2022 में कितने Indian corporates ने green bonds issue किए?
(a) 20
(b) 15
(c) 25
(d) 10
Answer & Explanation / उत्तर और व्याख्या
उत्तर: (b) 15
Explanation: Economic Survey 2022–23paragraph7.46 reports15corporate issuers.
व्याख्या: Economic Survey 2022–23 paragraph7.46 में 15 Indian corporates और ₹4539 crore green debt issuance दिया है। Corporate count को sovereign green bonds के ₹16000 crore auction programme से न मिलाएँ।
Banking and financial institutions
बैंकिंग और वित्तीय संस्थाएँ
Question 44 / प्रश्न 44
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Calculate the money multiplier, where Currency (C) = ₹ 200 billion, Deposit (D) = ₹ 400 billion and excess reserve = ₹ 800 million.
C200bn, D400bn, excess reserves800million में money multiplier?
(a) 3.394
(b) 2.492
(c) 1.864
(d) 4.629
Answer & Explanation / उत्तर और व्याख्या
उत्तर: आवश्यक reserve data गायब
Explanation: Required reserves are missing; excess reserves alone cannot determine the multiplier.
व्याख्या: Multiplier m=(C+D)/(C+required reserves+excess reserves)। ₹800million=.8bn, लेकिन required reserves या reserve ratio नहीं दिया। Zero required reserves मानने पर 600/200.8≈2.988 भी कोई option नहीं। किसी reserve ratio को in vent करके listed answer नहीं चुन सकते।
Question 53 / प्रश्न 53
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Arrange the YOY growth of Broad Money (M3) from FY18 to FY22 is ascending order:/ A. Broad Money (M3) is FY18 B. Broad Money (M3) is FY19 C. Broad Money (M3) is FY20 D. Broad Money (M3) is FY21 E. Broad Money (M3) is FY22
M3 Yo Y growth ascending: A FY18; B FY19; C FY20; D FY21; E FY22।
(a) A, C, B, D, E
(b) E, B, A, C, D
(c) C, E, A, D, B
(d) E, C, A, B, D
Answer & Explanation / उत्तर और व्याख्या
उत्तर: (d) E, C, A, B, D
Explanation: M3 growth rates8.8,8.9,9.2,10.5,12.2%give E, C, A, B, D.
व्याख्या: ES 2022–23 table IV.1 rates respectively9.2,10.5,8.9,12.2,8.8% देता है। इसलिए FY22<FY20<FY18<FY19<FY21 यानी E C A B D। Money-stock levels से growth ranking नहीं निकलती।
Question 80 / प्रश्न 80
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Arrange the following states in terms of number of branches of regional rural banks in the year of 2023, in ascending order: A. Haryana B. Himachal Pradesh C. Jammu and Kashmir D. Punjab E. Assam
RRB branch counts 2023 ascending: A Haryana; B HP; C J&K; D Punjab; E Assam।
(a) B, D, C, E, A
(b) C, B, D, A, E
(c) B, C, D, E, A
(d) D, C, B, A, E
Answer & Explanation / उत्तर और व्याख्या
उत्तर: source-vintage के लिए
Explanation: Sorting the supplied branch counts gives B, C, D, E, A; the exact primary series remains unconfirmed.
व्याख्या: Compilation में HP276, J&K338, Punjab443, Assam478, Haryana693 दिए हैं, जो B C D E A बनाते हैं। Date-specific branch totals की independent primary table उपलब्ध न होने से exact counts को verified official figures नहीं मानें; ordering इसी supplied data पर निकाली है।
Question 87 / प्रश्न 87
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Match List I with List II.
Financial institutions और establishment years match करें।
| ListI सूचीI |
ListII सूचीII |
|---|---|
| A IFCI आईएफसीआई |
I 1982 |
| B IRBI आईआरबीआई |
II 1948 |
| C NABARD नाबार्ड |
III 1971 |
| D ICICI आईसीआईसीआई |
IV 1955 |
(a) A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
(b) A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
(c) A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I
(d) A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
Answer & Explanation / उत्तर और व्याख्या
उत्तर: B का नाम सुधरने पर
Explanation: 1971belongs to IRCI; IRBI was formed in 1985, so the printed matching needs a name correction.
व्याख्या: IFCI 1948, NABARD 1982, ICICI 1955 सही हैं। 1971 में IRCI बना; IRBI में statutory conversion 1985 हुआ। Literal IRBI–1971 matching गलत है, इसलिए (d) printed name के साथ unqualified correct नहीं।
June2024 re-exam · 28August2024
जून2024 पुनर्परीक्षा · 28अगस्त2024
Banking and financial institutions
बैंकिंग और वित्तीय संस्थाएँ
Question 16 / प्रश्न 16
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What does not come under the purvies of the fu nction of Reserve Bank of India?
कौन RBI का usual function नहीं है?
(a) Foreign exchange reserves का custodian।
(b) Bank notes issue करना।
(c) Lender of last resort।
(d) Commercial banks की तरह multiple credit expansion।
Answer & Explanation / उत्तर और व्याख्या
उत्तर: (d) Commercial banks की तरह multiple credit expansion।
Explanation: Commercial banks create deposit credit; RBI supplies the base and performs central-bank functions.
व्याख्या: RBI currency issue, reserve management और lender-of-last-resort functions करता है। Deposit-based multiple credit creation commercial banking system से संबंधित है; RBI monetary base और liquidity को प्रभावित करता है।
Question 27 / प्रश्न 27
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Match List I with List II.
Banking committees को recommendations/subjects से match करें।
| ListI सूचीI |
ListII सूचीII |
|---|---|
| A Narasimham नरसिम्हम |
I Bank frauds and malpractice बैंक धोखाधड़ी |
| B Ghosh घोष |
II Banking technology बैंकिंग तकनीक |
| C Padmanabhan पद्मनाभन |
III Withdrawal of 91-day T-bill recommendation 91-day T-bill संबंधी recommendation |
| D Saraf सराफ |
IV Bank supervision and inspection बैंक पर्यवेक्षण |
(a) (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(II), (D)-(I)
(b) (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)
(c) (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
(d) (A)-(III), (B)-(II), (C)-(I), (D)-(IV)
Answer & Explanation / उत्तर और व्याख्या
उत्तर: (c) (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
Explanation: The matches concern bank fraud, supervision, technology, and the remaining historical committee recommendation.
व्याख्या: Ghosh fraud prevention, Padmanabhan supervisory inspection और Saraf technology से जुड़े हैं; remaining Narasimham–III है। 91-day T-bills को आज abolished instrument न समझें—यह historical recommendation की matching है।
Question 32 / प्रश्न 32
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Consider the following statements regarding the non Banking Financial Companies India (NBFCs): (A) NBFCs are registered under the RBI Act 1948 (B) NBFCs cannot accept demand deposits like commercial banks (C) NBFCs have to invest a specific percent of their assets in unencumbered approved securities (D) NBFCs which engaged in merchant banking and portfolio management services are governed by SEBI (E) Every NBFC has to create a resever fund.
NBFC statements चुनें: A RBI Act 1948 में registration; B demand deposits नहीं; C approved liquid assets में prescribed investment; D merchant banking/portfolio services SEBI-regulated; E reserve fund बनाना।
(a) (A), (B), (C), (D) केवल
(b) (B), (C), (D), (E) केवल
(c) (B), (D), (E) केवल
(d) (B), (C), (E) केवल
Answer & Explanation / उत्तर और व्याख्या
उत्तर: category-specific शर्तों के साथ (b)
Explanation: NBFC requirements vary by category; blanket liquid-asset claims need qualification.
व्याख्या: A false: RBI Act 1934 और incorporation Companies Act framework में है। B true। Liquid-asset requirement विशेषतः deposit-taking NBFCs से जुड़ी है; SEBI-regulated activities को related exemption/registration conditions के साथ पढ़ें। RBI Act s45-IC reserve fund relevant है; blanket claims सभी financial entities पर न फैलाएँ।
Question 52 / प्रश्न 52
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Match List I with List II.
Concepts को economists से match करें।
| ListI सूचीI |
ListII सूचीII |
|---|---|
| A Bank runs बैंक रन |
I David Pearce डेविड पियर्स |
| B q ratio क्यू अनुपात |
II Muhammad Yunus मुहम्मद यूनुस |
| C Genuine saving वास्तविक शुद्ध बचत |
III Douglas Diamond डगलस डायमंड |
| D Microfinance सूक्ष्म वित्त |
IV James Tobin जेम्स टोबिन |
(a) (A)-(IV), (B)-(I), (C)-(III), (D)-(II)
(b) (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
(c) (A)-(III), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I)
(d) (A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(III)
Answer & Explanation / उत्तर और व्याख्या
उत्तर: (b) (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
Explanation: The associations are Diamond–Dybvig, Tobin, Pearce-related saving accounts, and Yunus.
व्याख्या: Bank runs Diamond–Dybvig; q ratio Tobin; genuine/adjusted net saving Pearce-related environmental accounting; microfinance Yunus। Source में D “Micro” अधूरा है; intended concept microfinance है।
Question 53 / प्रश्न 53
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Consider the following statements regarding Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) in India: (A) RRBs were setup on the basis of the recommendation of Narasimham working group, 1975 (B) The largest proportion of the equaity of RRBs is held by its sponsor bank (C) NABARD coordinates all the activities of RRBs (D) RRBs are lead Bank (E) RRBs are provided refinance facilities through NABARD
RRB statements चुनें: A Narasimham working group 1975; B sponsor bank की largest equity share; C NABARD coordination; D RRBs lead banks; E NABARD refinance।
(a) (A), (C), (E) केवल
(b) (A), (B), (C), (D) केवल
(c) (B), (C), (E) केवल
(d) (A), (E) केवल
Answer & Explanation / उत्तर और व्याख्या
उत्तर: intended framework में (a)
Explanation: The traditional Centre50%, state15%, sponsor35%shares make the Centre the largest owner.
व्याख्या: Traditional ownership Centre50%, state15%, sponsor35% में largest share Centre का है, इसलिए B false। A और E true; NABARD supervision/development coordination C का intended अर्थ है। Lead Bank Scheme का designation हर RRB को अपने आप नहीं मिलता।
Question 54 / प्रश्न 54
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Which organization has developed the UPI system in India and in which year?
UPI किस organisation ने और किस year में develop/launch किया?
(a) SEBI,2016
(b) SBI,2016
(c) RBI,2015
(d) NPCL — जैसा source में, year missing
Answer & Explanation / उत्तर और व्याख्या
उत्तर: NPCI,2016; (d) अधूरा है
Explanation: NPCI launched the UPIpilot in 2016; the printed institution/date entry is defective.
व्याख्या: Correct institution National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) है। Pilot11 April 2016 को launch हुआ। “NPCL” printing error और missing year के कारण literal option(d) incomplete है; RBI regulator है, UPI developer NPCI है।
Question 67 / प्रश्न 67
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Which among following committees, was set up for Banking sector reforms in India? (A) Jalan Committee (B) Ghosh Committee (C) Saraf Committee (D) Gokaran Committee (E) Tarapore Committee
Banking-sector reform committees चुनें: A Jalan; B Ghosh; C Saraf; D “Gokaran”; E Tarapore।
(a) (A), (B), (D) केवल
(b) (B), (C), (E) केवल
(c) (C), (D), (E) केवल
(d) (A), (D), (C) केवल
Answer & Explanation / उत्तर और व्याख्या
उत्तर: Unique combination के लिए wording अपर्याप्त
Explanation: Ghosh and Saraf are identifiable, but the undefined/misprinted committee label prevents a firm complete selection.
व्याख्या: Ghosh bank frauds और Saraf banking technology से clearly संबंधित हैं; Jalan तथा Tarapore अलग financial-policy reforms से जुड़े हैं। “Gokaran” और exact committee/year specified नहीं। Broad “banking reforms” criterion से source(d) में Ghosh exclude करने का reliable आधार नहीं मिलता; इसे verified unique key न मानें।
Question 84 / प्रश्न 84
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Arrange the following Acts in correct chronological order, starting from earlies to latest: (A) Chit fund Act (B) Export Import Bank of India Act (C) Prevention of Money Landering Act (D) National Housing Bank Act (E) Regional Rural Banks Act
Acts oldest क्रम: A Chit Funds; B EXIM Bank; C Prevention of Money Laundering; D National Housing Bank; E RRB।
(a) (E), (B), (A), (D), (C)
(b) (E), (D), (C), (B), (A)
(c) (D), (C), (B), (E), (A)
(d) (D), (A), (E), (C), (B)
Answer & Explanation / उत्तर और व्याख्या
उत्तर: (a) (E), (B), (A), (D), (C)
Explanation: The statutory title-year order is RRB 1976, EXIM 1981, Chit 1982, NHB 1987, PMLA 2002.
व्याख्या: RRB Act 1976 → EXIM Bank Act 1981 → Chit Funds Act 1982 → NHB Act 1987 → PMLA 2002 (as sent 2003; commencement 2005)। Sequence E B A D C। Commencement और Act-title year को interchangeable न मानें।
Question 85 / प्रश्न 85
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Arrange the following events from the date of their happening starting from oldest: (A) IRDA Act passed in Parliament (B) Concept of financial inclusion introduced in Banking sector (C) Global trust bank merged with UTI bank (D) 364-day treasury bill introduced with market related rates (E) Fiscal responsibility and Budged Management Act Passed
Oldest क्रम: A IRDA Act; B financial inclusion banking concept; C GTB merged with UTI Bank; D364-day T-bills; E FRBM Act।
(a) (D), (A), (C), (E), (B)
(b) (D), (C), (E), (A), (B)
(c) (E), (D), (B), (A), (C)
(d) (A), (C), (D), (E), (B)
Answer & Explanation / उत्तर और व्याख्या
उत्तर: कोई exact valid chronology नहीं
Explanation: GTBmerged into OBCin 2004, not UTI; even the corrected chronology is absent.
व्याख्या: C factually false: GTB–UTI proposed merger पूरा नहीं हुआ; GTB OBC में 2004 में merged हुआ। D 1992, A 1999, E 2003, corrected C 2004, B RBI emphasis 2005 से D A E C B बनता है, जो options में नहीं। Printed(a) FRBM से पहले C रखता है।
Capital markets
पूँजी बाजार
Question 46 / प्रश्न 46
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Among the following which is/are the instruments of capital market? (A) Venture Capital (B) Treasury Bills (C) Certificate of Deposit issued by commercial banks (D) Global Depository Receipts (E) Inter Corporate Deposits
Capital-market instruments चुनें: A venture capital; B Treasury bills; C certificates of deposit; D GDRs; E inter-corporate deposits।
(a) (B), (D), (E) केवल
(b) (A), (D) केवल
(c) (A), (B), (D) केवल
(d) (A), (D), (E) केवल
Answer & Explanation / उत्तर और व्याख्या
उत्तर: (b) (A), (D) केवल
Explanation: Long-term financing belongs to capital markets; the listed short-term instruments belong to money markets.
व्याख्या: A और D long-term/capital-market financing से जुड़े हैं। Treasury bills, CDs और usual short-term inter-corporate deposits money-market instruments हैं। Instrument की maturity और economic role distinction का आधार है।
Monetary policy
मौद्रिक नीति
Question 87 / प्रश्न 87
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Which of the following is not a instrument of Monetary Policy?
कौन monetary policy instrument नहीं है?
(a) CRR।
(b) Open market operations।
(c) Bank rate।
(d) Tax rate।
Answer & Explanation / उत्तर और व्याख्या
उत्तर: (d) Tax rate।
Explanation: Tax rates are fiscal instruments; the other choices concern monetary/credit policy.
व्याख्या: Tax rate fiscal-policy instrument है। CRR, central-bank securities operations और bank rate monetary/credit conditions प्रभावित करते हैं। Government policy और central-bank policy instruments अलग रखें।
December2024 · held3January2025
दिसंबर2024 · परीक्षा3जनवरी2025
Monetary policy
मौद्रिक नीति
Question 39 / प्रश्न 39
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How can a Central Bank increase the money supply in the economy: (A) By increasing the Cash Reserve Ratio (B) By buying government securities from the public (C) By reducing the Cash Reserve Ratio (D) By reducing the Repo Rate
Money supply बढ़ाने के usual measures: A CRR बढ़े; B public से securities खरीदे; C CRR घटे; D repo rate घटे।
(a) केवल A, B, C
(b) केवल A, B, D
(c) केवल B, C, D
(d) केवल A, C, D
Answer & Explanation / उत्तर और व्याख्या
उत्तर: (c) केवल B, C, D
Explanation: Reserve injection, lower reserve requirements, and cheaper central-bank liquidity are expansionary.
व्याख्या: B reserves inject करता है; C reserve constraint ease और D cheaper central-bank liquidity से expansion support कर सकते हैं। A contractionary है। Actual deposit/credit response bank demand, capital constraints और borrowers पर भी निर्भर है।
Banking and financial institutions
बैंकिंग और वित्तीय संस्थाएँ
Question 79 / प्रश्न 79
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Arrange the following based on their date of establishment (A) IDBI – Industrial Development Bank of India (B) IFCI – Industrial Finance Corporation of India (C) ICICI – Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India (D) IRBI – Industrial Reconstruction Bank of India
Establishment chronology: A IDBI; B IFCI; C ICICI; D IRBI।
(a) B, C, D, A
(b) D, B, C, A
(c) B, C, A, D
(d) A, B, D, C
Answer & Explanation / उत्तर और व्याख्या
उत्तर: (c) B, C, A, D
Explanation: IFCI 1948, ICICI 1955, IDBI 1964, and IRBI 1985give B, C, A, D.
व्याख्या: IFCI 1948 → ICICI 1955 → IDBI 1964 → IRBI 1985 (predecessor IRCI 1971)। इसलिए B C A D। Predecessor corporation की 1971 date और statutory IRBI 1985 identity अलग हैं, लेकिन listed relative order same है।