UP TGT ENGLISH · GRAMMAR TOPIC 3
Adjective noun/pronoun की quality, state या description बताता है। A tall boy; the boy is tall. पूछिए: कैसा? Tall describes boy. पहले noun पहचानिए, फिर उसकी description.
Adjective के 250 MCQs solve करें →
1. Adjective कहाँ आता है?
- Noun के पहले: a quiet room → attributive use.
- Linking verb के बाद: The room is quiet. → predicative use.
- Object की description: They painted the door red. → Red describes door.
Trick: Description किसकी है? Room की → quiet; door की → red. English descriptive adjectives का plural नहीं बनाते: red flowers, not reds flowers.
2. Adjective या Adverb?
She is careful. → व्यक्ति की quality. She works carefully. → काम करने का तरीका. Noun/person की description → adjective; action कैसे हुआ → adverb.
Look/seem/become/sound/taste/smell जब linking हों, adjective लेते हैं: She looks happy. The soup tastes good. लेकिन She looked carefully at the label में looked एक action है.
3. Traditional Types और Modern Determiners
| Traditional exam label | Example | Question |
|---|---|---|
| Quality | a clever child | कैसा? |
| Quantity | much water | कितनी amount? |
| Number | three books; first prize | कितने/किस क्रम में? |
| Demonstrative | this book | कौन-सा? |
| Possessive | my bag | किसका? |
| Distributive | each student | एक-एक member |
| Interrogative | which route? | Question पूछता है |
Modern grammar में this/my/each जैसे कई forms determiners हैं. Question traditional classification पूछे तो उसका framework follow करें.
4. Degrees को तीन सीढ़ियों से याद करें
| Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
|---|---|---|
| tall | taller | tallest |
| big | bigger | biggest |
| happy | happier | happiest |
| useful | more useful | most useful |
| good | better | best |
| bad | worse | worst |
| many/much | more | most |
| little, amount | less | least |
Trick: Short forms often er/est; longer adjectives usually more/most. Some two-syllable forms allow alternatives: cleverer / more clever. Rule को absolute मत बनाइए.
5. Comparison का Frame पहचानें
- as + positive + as: as tall as, not as taller as.
- comparative + than: taller than, better than.
- the + superlative: the tallest in the class.
- Intensity: much better, even clearer, slightly larger.
❌ more taller / most easiest → ✅ taller / easiest. Formal exam convention में the taller of the two; larger group में the tallest. तुलना समान चीजों की रखें: My bag is heavier than Rina’s bag.
Special pair: senior/junior/superior/inferior to. He is senior to me. Older than me; my elder sister. Further can mean additional: further discussion. Farther/further दोनों distance के लिए मिलते हैं.
6. Few और Little: Number बनाम Amount
| Countable plural | Uncountable | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| few friends | little water | लगभग नहीं; scarcity |
| a few friends | a little water | कुछ हैं; positive sense |
| the few seats | the little money | जो थोड़े उपलब्ध हैं |
Memory: Few = number; Little = amount. Formal default: fewer mistakes, less pollution. Measurement expressions में exceptions हो सकती हैं; less than ten minutes भी standard है.
7. Bored या Boring?
Feeling/state → ed; feeling पैदा करने वाला → ing. I am bored because the lecture is boring. We were excited by an exciting match.
इसे person-versus-thing rule मत बनाइए: a person can be interesting. Context में experiencer और cause पहचानिए. Participles भी adjectives बनते हैं: a broken window; running water.
8. Too, Enough, So और Such
- too + adjective + to: too heavy to lift.
- adjective + enough + to: old enough to vote.
- enough + noun: enough chairs.
- so + adjective: so beautiful.
- such + noun phrase: such a beautiful garden.
Trick: Adjective के बाद enough; noun के पहले enough. ❌ enough old → ✅ old enough.
9. तीन छोटे High Yield Rules
Indefinite pronoun के बाद adjective: something useful, nothing unusual. Measure modifier में singular unit: a five-year course; a ten-page report. बाहर ordinary duration: five years.
Neutral adjective order: opinion → size → age → shape → colour → origin → material → purpose → noun. A lovely small old house. यह tendency है; emphasis और fixed phrases से order बदल सकता है.
Other: another book; other books; others अकेला. Another two days भी possible है: दो additional days. कुछ adjectives normally linking verb के बाद: The child is asleep; noun के पहले usual form a sleeping child.
One Minute Revision
careful person / works carefully · as tall as · taller than · the tallest · senior to · few books / little water · I am bored / it is boring · old enough / enough time.
Examples ढककर सही form बोलें और हर गलत MCQ का rule एक line में लिखें.