UP TGT ENGLISH · GRAMMAR TOPIC 4
Adverb action, adjective, दूसरे adverb या whole sentence की extra information देता है। She speaks clearly. → कैसे? A very clear answer. → कितनी degree? पहले पूछिए: यह word किसको modify करता है?
Adverb के 250 MCQs solve करें →
1. पाँच Questions से Type पहचानें
| Type | Question | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Manner | How? | She answered politely. |
| Place | Where? | Please wait here. |
| Time | When? | We will leave soon. |
| Frequency | How often? | She often visits us. |
| Degree | How much/to what extent? | It is very cold. |
Adverb बनाम Adverbial: Adverb एक word class है; adverbial एक function. At noon भी time information देता है, लेकिन यह two-word prepositional phrase है.
2. Adjective या Adverb?
She is careful. → person की description. She drives carefully. → driving का तरीका. Noun/person कैसा? → adjective. Action कैसे? → adverb.
The soup tastes good. यहाँ tastes linking verb है. She tasted it carefully. यहाँ tasting एक action है. Verb के बाद देखकर अपने-आप ly मत लगाइए.
3. Ly Form और उसकी Exceptions
quick → quickly; careful → carefully; happy → happily; simple → simply; basic → basically; true → truly; full → fully.
लेकिन: good → well; fast → fast; hard → hard; early → early. ❌ fastly. Friendly/lovely/lonely adjectives हैं. Manner के लिए in a friendly way एक neutral expression है.
Some words दोनों roles लेते हैं: an early train / arrived early; a daily newspaper / exercises daily.
4. Confusing Pairs को Meaning से याद करें
| Word | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| hard | with great effort | She works hard. |
| hardly | scarcely; लगभग नहीं | She hardly works. |
| late | not on time | He arrived late. |
| lately | recently | I have not seen him lately. |
| nearly | almost | We nearly won. |
| high / highly | physical height / high degree | fly high / highly skilled |
| mostly | mainly | The audience was mostly local. |
Memory: Hard worker मेहनत करता है; hardly working लगभग काम नहीं करता. Ly जोड़ने से meaning भी बदल सकती है.
5. Frequency Adverb की तीन जगहें
- Ordinary main verb के पहले: She often reads.
- Main verb be के बाद: She is often late.
- First auxiliary के बाद: She has often visited. He will probably come.
Trick: Before main verb; after be/first helper. ये neutral mid-position rules हैं. Sometimes/Often शुरुआत या अंत में भी आ सकते हैं. हर दूसरी position को गलत मत मानिए.
Always/usually/often/sometimes/seldom/never की frequency context से समझें. Often का एक fixed universal percentage नहीं है.
6. Manner, Place और Time
Neutral end-position pattern: manner → place → time. She worked quietly in the library yesterday. Emphasis से order बदल सकता है.
Object हो तो neutral manner adverb आमतौर पर उसके बाद: She answered the question carefully. बीच में word रखने से पहले sentence का natural structure देखें.
7. Enough, Too और So
- adverb + enough: quickly enough, clearly enough.
- too + adverb + to: too quietly to hear.
- so + adverb + that: so clearly that everyone understood.
- very + positive: very carefully.
- much/far + comparative: much better; far more clearly.
❌ enough quickly → ✅ quickly enough. ❌ very better → ✅ much better. Enough adjective/adverb के बाद आता है.
8. Adverb Comparison
| Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
|---|---|---|
| fast | faster | fastest |
| hard | harder | hardest |
| early | earlier | earliest |
| well | better | best |
| badly | worse | worst |
| carefully | more carefully | most carefully |
as + positive adverb + as: She works as hard as I do. Comparative में than: She explains more clearly than before.
9. Only की Position Meaning बदलती है
Only Asha borrowed my book. → व्यक्ति Asha पर restriction. Asha borrowed only my book. → borrowed item पर focus. Other placements में spoken stress से ambiguity हो सकती है; intended focus पहचानिए.
Sentence comment: Fortunately, nobody was hurt. Linking adverb: It rained; however, we continued.
10. Already, Yet और Still
Already: expected reference time से पहले completion. She has already left. Yet: expected event, commonly questions/negatives. Has she arrived yet? Still: continuation. She is still waiting.
Already surprise वाले questions में भी आता है: Have you finished already? Meaning देखिए; केवल question देखकर yet compulsory मत मानिए. No longer और not…any longer: He no longer lives here / He does not live here any longer.
Extra Exam Trap: Negative Adverbial के बाद Inversion
Fronted negative/restrictive expression के बाद auxiliary + subject: Never have I seen this. Seldom does he visit. Only then did I understand.
Pairs: Hardly/Scarcely had…when; No sooner had…than. Hardly already has a negative-like meaning; ordinary exam usage में redundant not न जोड़ें.
One Minute Revision
careful person / works carefully · good / well · fast not fastly · hard ≠ hardly · late ≠ lately · often before main verb · is often · has often · quickly enough · much better.