UP TGT ENGLISH · GRAMMAR TOPIC 2
Pronoun noun या noun phrase की जगह आता है। Rina is a teacher. Rina lives here. → Rina is a teacher. She lives here. नाम की repetition हट गई। Pronoun चुनते समय केवल दो बातें देखिए: किसके लिए आया है और sentence में उसका काम क्या है?
Pronoun के 250 MCQs solve करें →
1. पहले यह छोटा Form Chart याद करें
| Subject | Object | Before noun | Possessive pronoun | Self form |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | me | my | mine | myself |
| you | you | your | yours | yourself / yourselves |
| he | him | his | his | himself |
| she | her | her | hers | herself |
| it | it | its | Normally not standalone | itself |
| we | us | our | ours | ourselves |
| they | them | their | theirs | themselves |
Reading trick: I called him. He called me. काम करने वाला → I/he; object → me/him. My, your, her जैसे forms noun के पहले possessive determiners होते हैं; school grammar इन्हें possessive adjectives भी कहती है.
Dummy it: It is raining. It is six o’clock. Weather/time में it किसी पहले बताए noun की जगह नहीं आता; sentence का grammatical subject देता है.
2. I या Me? दूसरे नाम को हटाकर देखें
Rule: Coordinated subject में subject form; object में object form.
- Ravi and I arrived. → Ravi and हटाएँ: I arrived सही है.
- The teacher called Ravi and me. → Ravi and हटाएँ: called me सही है.
Preposition के बाद object form: for me, with her, to him, between you and me. ❌ between you and I.
3. My के बाद Noun; Mine अकेला
This is my book. This book is mine. इसी तरह: her bag → the bag is hers; our house → the house is ours.
Trick: My + name of thing; Mine = my thing. Yours, hers, ours, theirs में apostrophe नहीं लगता. ❌ your’s → ✅ yours. A friend of mine सही है; a friend of my नहीं.
Its = possession; it’s = it is / it has. The bird spread its wings. It’s raining.
4. Self Form: उसी पर Action या केवल Emphasis
Reflexive: Subject और object same person. I hurt myself. She introduced herself.
Emphatic / Intensive: व्यक्ति पर जोर. I myself checked it. Myself हटाने पर main message I checked it बना रहता है.
Trick: Action वापस उसी पर → reflexive; “खुद उसी ने” → emphasis. By myself = alone / without help, context के अनुसार. One child → yourself; several children → yourselves. ❌ Myself will call. → ✅ I will call.
5. This और That का Number देखें
| Distance | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Near | this | these |
| Far | that | those |
This is mine. → This अकेला है: demonstrative pronoun. This book is mine. → This noun book को modify करता है: demonstrative determiner.
6. Who, Whom, Whose का आसान Test
| Role | Form | Quick test |
|---|---|---|
| Subject | who | He called. → Who called? |
| Object in formal usage | whom | You called him. → Whom did you call? |
| Possession | whose | His phone. → Whose phone? |
Memory: he → who; him → whom; his → whose. Whose bag is this? Who’s coming? Who’s = who is / who has. Ordinary speech में object के लिए who भी मिलता है; formal fronted preposition में to whom / with whom चुनें.
Interrogative use: Which of these two is yours? → specified choices. What happened? → event/thing की जानकारी. Question पूछने वाले who/whom/whose/which/what forms का role sentence से पहचानें.
7. Relative Pronoun दो Parts जोड़ता है
The woman who lives next door is a doctor. Who woman के बारे में information जोड़ता है.
- Who: people, especially subject. The girl who won.
- Whom: people as formal object. The person to whom I spoke.
- Whose: possession. The boy whose bag was lost. Things के साथ भी: a house whose roof collapsed.
- Which: things. The book which I read.
- That: people/things in defining clauses. The worker that repaired it.
Comma trap: My aunt, who lives here, called. इस non-defining clause में that नहीं. My bicycle, which is new, broke down.
Repeat मत करें: ❌ the girl who she won → ✅ the girl who won. Object relative हट सकता है: the book that I read → the book I read. Subject relative ऐसे नहीं हटेगा: the girl who won.
8. Everyone Is; Both Are
Indefinite: someone/everyone बिना exact name के refer करते हैं. Distributive: each/either/neither individual members या alternatives पर ध्यान देते हैं.
| Pattern | Example |
|---|---|
| everyone, somebody, nobody, everything → singular verb | Everyone is ready. Somebody has called. |
| each / either / neither → singular in formal agreement | Each of them has a pen. |
| both / several / many → plural | Both of them are ready. |
| all / some / most → referent देखें | Some water is missing. Some books are missing. |
Trap: They each have a pen, लेकिन Each of them has a pen. Subject they बनाम each पहचानिए. None हमेशा singular नहीं: meaning/context देखें; none of the water is safe.
9. Everyone Has Their… सही हो सकता है
Someone has left their bag. If anyone calls, ask them to wait. Gender unspecified होने पर singular they/them/their standard usage है. They के साथ are/have ही आएगा, they is नहीं. Someone has… और they have… अलग subjects हैं.
10. Self और Each Other में Meaning बदलता है
They helped themselves. → उन्हीं लोगों के लिए reflexive reference. They helped each other. → एक-दूसरे की मदद, reciprocal action. One another भी reciprocal है; modern usage में two vs more-than-two की rigid boundary जरूरी नहीं. Possessive: each other’s books.
11. One / Ones और Something Useful
This pen is broken; give me another one. These shoes are old; buy new ones. One → singular count noun; Ones → plural count noun.
Indefinite pronoun के बाद adjective: something useful, nothing unusual, anything interesting. ❌ useful something.
Extra Exam Traps: पहले Main Rules समझें, फिर यह पढ़ें
Whoever: अपने clause का subject. Give it to whoever needs it. To देखकर whomever मत चुनें; needs का subject देखें. Formal object: Invite whomever you choose.
What: the thing that. This is what I wanted. लेकिन ❌ the book what I wanted → ✅ the book that I wanted.
Tags: Everybody is ready, aren’t they? Nobody called, did they? Nothing changed, did it? Negative words nobody/nothing के बाद affirmative tag.
Reference: Rina told Asha that she won. She किसके लिए है? Context के बिना unclear. जरूरत हो तो name repeat करें. Generic one: One should do one’s best and look after oneself.
One Minute Revision
I do → help me · my book → mine · same person → self · mutual → each other · he → who · him → whom · his → whose · everyone is → both are.
दोबारा पढ़ते समय examples ढककर सही form खुद बोलिए. केवल rule पढ़ने से बेहतर है उसी rule का अपना एक sentence लिखना.