UGC NET ECONOMICS · UNIT 10 · JUNE 2025
Indian Economy PYQs
भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था
29 June 2025 · Shift II / 29 जून 2025 · द्वितीय पाली
MSMEs and industrial policy
MSME और औद्योगिक नीति
Question 20 / प्रश्न 20
June 2025 · PDF page 365 / PDF पृष्ठ 365
Which of the following are correct about the revised criteria of MSMEs effective from 01 April, 2025 as per union budget 2025-26?
1 April 2025 से effective revised MSME classification के बारे में कौन से statements सही हैं?
A. An enterprise is classified as micro enterprise if investment in plant and machinery does not exceed Rs. 2.5 crore.
A. Micro enterprise में plant machinery investment ₹2.5 crore तक है।
B. A medium enterprise is one whose turnover does not exceed Rs. 50 crore.
B. Medium enterprise में turnover ₹50 crore तक है।
C. A small enterprise has investment limit up to Rs. 10 crore.
C. Small enterprise में investment ₹10 crore तक है।
D. A micro enterprise is one whose turnover is up to Rs. 10 crore.
D. Micro enterprise में turnover ₹10 crore तक है।
E. A small enterprise has turnover limit up to Rs. 100 crore.
E. Small enterprise में turnover ₹100 crore तक है।
(a) केवल B, C, D
(b) केवल A, D, E
(c) केवल A, B, E
(d) केवल C, D, E
Answer & Explanation / उत्तर और व्याख्या
उत्तर: b — केवल A D E
The revised investment and turnover limits in ₹crore are micro 2.5 and 10, small 25 and 100, and medium 125 and 500. Thus A D E state correct threshold components; B and C use incorrect limits.
Revised investment और turnover limits ₹crore में हैं micro 2.5 और 10, small 25 और 100 तथा medium 125 और 500। इसलिए A D E सही threshold components हैं; B और C के limits गलत हैं।
Classification uses composite investment and turnover conditions. For example, meeting the micro investment ceiling alone does not establish micro status if turnover exceeds the corresponding ceiling.
Classification में investment और turnover की composite conditions होती हैं। Example: केवल micro investment ceiling के भीतर होने से micro status तय नहीं होता यदि turnover उसकी ceiling से अधिक है।
Power and infrastructure
विद्युत और आधारभूत संरचना
Question 51 / प्रश्न 51
June 2025 · PDF page 373 / PDF पृष्ठ 373
Match the sources with their November 2024 shares as printed in the question, which labels them percentages of total energy production.
Economic Survey 2024–25 में November 2024 के energy shares को sources से match करें। Printed heading में total energy production कहा गया है।
| List I सूची I |
List II सूची II |
|---|---|
| A Solar Solar energy |
I 10.50% |
| B Hydro Hydro energy |
II 20.60% |
| C Nuclear Nuclear energy |
III 10.30% |
| D Wind Wind energy |
IV 1.80% |
(a) A II B III C IV D I
(b) A III B I C IV D II
(c) A II B III C I D IV
(d) A II B I C III D IV
Answer & Explanation / उत्तर और व्याख्या
उत्तर: a — Installed generation capacity के लिए A II B III C IV D I
Chart X.5 gives shares in installed electricity generation capacity as on 30 November 2024: solar 20.60%, hydro 10.30%, nuclear 1.80% and wind 10.50%. Therefore the matching is option (a).
Chart X.5 में 30 November 2024 की installed electricity generation capacity के shares हैं solar 20.60%, hydro 10.30%, nuclear 1.80% और wind 10.50%। इसलिए option (a) सही matching है।
Important correction: these are capacity shares, not shares of electricity actually generated or total energy production. Nuclear is non-fossil but is not normally classified as renewable. The 46.8% figure refers to combined non-fossil installed capacity.
Correction: ये capacity shares हैं, actual electricity generation या total energy production के shares नहीं। Nuclear non-fossil है, लेकिन normally renewable category नहीं। 46.8% combined non-fossil installed capacity का share है।
Sectoral budget allocations
क्षेत्रवार बजट आवंटन
Question 56 / प्रश्न 56
June 2025 · PDF page 374 / PDF पृष्ठ 374
Arrange the following items on the basis of the expenditure allocation made in the union budget 2025-26 in descending order.
Union Budget 2025–26 के allocation पर इन major items को descending order में रखें।
A. Agriculture and Allied activities
A. Agriculture and allied activities।
B. Education
B. Education।
C. Defence
C. Defence।
D. Commerce and Industry
D. Commerce and industry।
E. Rural Development
E. Rural development।
(a) E, C, A, D, B
(b) C, E, A, B, D
(c) C, A, E, D, B
(d) A, E, C, B, D
Answer & Explanation / उत्तर और व्याख्या
उत्तर: b — C E A B D
The official major item allocations in ₹crore are defence 4,91,732; rural development 2,66,817; agriculture and allied activities 1,71,437; education 1,28,650; and commerce and industry 65,553. The descending sequence is C E A B D.
Official major item allocations ₹crore में हैं defence 4,91,732; rural development 2,66,817; agriculture allied activities 1,71,437; education 1,28,650; commerce industry 65,553। Descending sequence C E A B D है।
Correction: agriculture is 1,71,437 in the official table, not 1,71,737 in the book explanation. Use the Expenditure of Major Items grouping; a ministry total including other components can be a different aggregate.
Correction: official table में agriculture 1,71,437 है; book का 1,71,737 गलत है। Expenditure of Major Items grouping लें; अन्य components सहित ministry total अलग aggregate हो सकता है।
Foreign investment in India
भारत में विदेशी निवेश
Question 58 / प्रश्न 58
June 2025 · PDF page 375 / PDF पृष्ठ 375
Arrange the following sectors in descending order as per their share in total FDI in India in H1 FY 2025 as per the Economic Survey 2024- 25.
Economic Survey 2024–25 के अनुसार H1 FY25 में total FDI equity inflows के shares पर sectors को descending order में रखें।
A. Automobile Industry
A. Automobile industry।
B. Hospital and Diagnostic Centers
B. Hospitals and diagnostic centres।
C. Cement and Gypsum Products
C. Cement and gypsum products।
D. Computer Software and Hardware
D. Computer software and hardware।
E. Non-conventional Energy
E. Non-conventional energy।
(a) D, E, C, A, B
(b) D, C, E, B, A
(c) E, B, A, D, C
(d) E, D, C, B, A
Answer & Explanation / उत्तर और व्याख्या
उत्तर: a — D E C A B
Chart III.15 gives computer software and hardware 14.1%, non-conventional energy 7.0%, cement and gypsum 6.1%, automobile industry 3.2%, and hospitals and diagnostic centres 3.1%. Thus the requested order is D E C A B.
Chart III.15 में computer software hardware 14.1%, non-conventional energy 7.0%, cement gypsum 6.1%, automobile industry 3.2% और hospitals diagnostic centres 3.1% हैं। इसलिए D E C A B सही order है।
The book explanation’s percentages differ from the official chart. H1 FY25 means April–September 2024; it is not January–June 2025. These sectoral shares refer to FDI equity inflows, not all capital flows.
Book explanation के percentages official chart से अलग हैं। H1 FY25 यानी April–September 2024 है, January–June 2025 नहीं। Sectoral shares FDI equity inflows के हैं, सभी capital flows के नहीं।