UGC NET Economics 2012 Unit 10: Indian Economy PYQs (English–Hindi)

The question asks for the absolute number of poor persons, not the poverty percentage. Uttar Pradesh had the largest count among the listed states in the 2004–05 estimates.
Question में poor persons की absolute संख्या पूछी है, poverty percentage नहीं। 2004–05 estimates में दिए states के बीच Uttar Pradesh में count सबसे अधिक था।

A populous state can have more poor persons even if another state has a higher poverty ratio. Keep the reference year and estimation methodology fixed when comparing the data.
किसी दूसरे state की poverty ratio अधिक होने पर भी बड़े population वाले state में poor persons की संख्या अधिक हो सकती है। Comparison में reference year और estimation methodology एक रखें।

The question refers to the historical controversy around the 2011 affidavit: approximately ₹26 per person per day in rural areas and ₹32 in urban areas. Hence II and III are the intended pair.
Question 2011 affidavit से जुड़े historical figures की बात करता है: rural areas में लगभग ₹26 और urban areas में ₹32 per person per day। इसलिए II और III सही pair हैं।

These are time specific historical consumption expenditure thresholds, not current poverty lines, wages or a universal statement that the amount is adequate for a decent living.
ये समय विशेष के historical consumption expenditure thresholds हैं; इन्हें current poverty line, wage या decent living के लिए पर्याप्त राशि का universal claim न समझें।

Disguised unemployment means some workers can be withdrawn without materially reducing total output. The relevant concept is zero or very low marginal product of surplus labour, not zero productivity of the entire agricultural sector.
Disguised unemployment में कुछ workers हटाने पर total output में महत्वपूर्ण कमी नहीं आती। यहाँ surplus labour की zero या बहुत कम marginal product की बात है, पूरे agricultural sector की productivity zero होने की नहीं।

Example: six family members produce 100 units, and the same output can be produced by four. The two extra workers are disguised unemployed under this simplified example.
Example: छह family members मिलकर 100 units बनाते हैं और चार workers भी उतना output बना सकते हैं। Simplified example में दो extra workers disguised unemployed हैं।

Bharat Nirman focused on six rural infrastructure components: irrigation, rural roads, housing, drinking water, electrification and telephony. Agro based industries are not one of those six components.
Bharat Nirman के छह rural infrastructure components थे: irrigation, rural roads, housing, drinking water, electrification और telephony। Agro based industries इन छह components में नहीं थे।

Exam trap: rural economic development is broader than the official component list of a particular programme. An activity being useful for villages does not automatically make it a listed Bharat Nirman component.
Exam trap: rural economic development का scope किसी programme की official component list से बड़ा है। गाँवों के लिए उपयोगी activity होना उसे अपने आप Bharat Nirman component नहीं बनाता।

The sequence is TRYSEM 1979 → RLEGP 1983 → JRY 1989 → EAS 1993. Therefore the correct chronological option in this paper is (d).
क्रम है TRYSEM 1979 → RLEGP 1983 → JRY 1989 → EAS 1993। इसलिए इस paper की choices में chronological answer (d) है।

The official updated 2012 key prints (a), which puts EAS before JRY. That conflicts with the launch chronology. The source compilation selects (d); the dates, rather than mere agreement with a key, justify that choice.
Official updated 2012 key में (a) छपा है, जो EAS को JRY से पहले रखता है। यह launch chronology से मेल नहीं खाता। Source compilation (d) देती है; उस choice का आधार dates हैं, केवल किसी key से मिलना नहीं।

India’s pre global crisis consolidation involved improved revenue performance, including buoyant tax receipts, which helped reduce fiscal imbalances. Thus R supplies a relevant explanation of A.
Global financial crisis से पहले India की consolidation में बेहतर revenue performance और buoyant tax receipts ने fiscal imbalance घटाने में मदद की। इसलिए R, A की relevant explanation है।

This is a contributory cause, not a claim that revenue alone determines the fiscal balance. Expenditure policy, growth and the GDP denominator also matter.
यह contributory cause है; केवल revenue से fiscal balance तय होता है, ऐसा दावा नहीं। Expenditure policy, growth और GDP denominator भी महत्वपूर्ण हैं।

Foodgrain production belongs to agriculture, the listed price level indicator is WPI, industrial growth relates to industry, and revenue deficit is a fiscal indicator. Thus 3 4 1 2.
Foodgrain production agriculture से, listed price level indicator WPI से, industrial growth industry से और revenue deficit fiscal indicators से जुड़ा है। इसलिए 3 4 1 2।

WPI is the matching choice here, not the only possible price index. CPI measures consumer prices. Revenue deficit concerns revenue expenditure minus revenue receipts and differs from the wider fiscal deficit.
यहाँ WPI matching choice है; यह अकेला possible price index नहीं। CPI consumer prices मापता है। Revenue deficit, revenue expenditure और revenue receipts के अंतर से जुड़ा है तथा wider fiscal deficit से अलग है।

National Agricultural Policy—2000; the marine fishing policy referred to here—2004; the Foreign Trade Policy replacing the earlier EXIM policy—2004; Seventh Finance Commission report—1978. This gives 3 1 4 2.
National Agricultural Policy—2000; यहाँ referred marine fishing policy—2004; earlier EXIM policy को replace करने वाली Foreign Trade Policy—2004; Seventh Finance Commission की report—1978। इसलिए 3 1 4 2।

The two 2004 entries are deliberately identical in List II, so their numerical labels are interchangeable in substance. The Seventh Commission was constituted by the Presidential Order of 22 June 1977; 1978 must not be memorised as its constitution year.
List II में 2004 दो बार है; इसलिए उन दोनों numeric labels की substantive year एक ही है। Seventh Commission, 22 June 1977 के Presidential Order से constituted हुई थी; 1978 को उसका constitution year न याद करें।